All previous studies of the association between sleep duration and mortality adjust for a large number of potential confounders measured at baseline (Cappuccio et al., 2010; Gallicchio & Kalesan, 2009; Silva et al., 2016). sleep duration) have been linked to higher rates of mortality. The imputation model for each incomplete variable included information on the survival outcomes (Nelson–Aalen cumulative hazard and mortality status), age and the variables appearing in the fully‐adjusted Cox PHs model. 2010 Aug;14(4):239-47. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2009.08.001. … For both shorter- and longer-duration sleepers, there is no significant difference in risk between males and females. Clocks in the clinic: circadian rhythms in health and disease. Front Psychiatry. The health effects of sleep duration have been addressed in a large number of studies and summarized in several systematic reviews (Cappuccio, D'elia, Strazzullo, & Miller, 2010; Gallicchio & Kalesan, 2009; Silva et al., 2016). (Relative risk measures the risk of an event relative to exposure.) Prospective cohort study. The relationship between weekday sleep duration and weekend sleep duration among those aged 65 years or older seemed to be linear. Possibly, long Association between sleep duration and differences between weekday and weekend sleep with body mass index & waist circumference among Black women in Sistertalk II. AU - Oh, Hannah. Prior work has shown that both short and long sleep predict mortality. Methods: Participants of the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study (JPHC Study) were aged 40–69 years and had completed a detailed questionnaire on lifestyle factors. Vgontzas AN, Liao D, Pejovic S, Calhoun S, Karataraki M, Basta M, Fernández-Mendoza J, Bixler EO. Sci Rep. 2016;6:21480. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Chien KL, Chen PC, Hsu HC, Su TC, Sung FC, Chen MF, Lee YT. We conducted a systematic review of the associations between sleep duration and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. NIH The purpose of the present study was to assess whether the association between sleep duration and mortality varies with age. Abstract. AU - Kwon, Sohyeon. No significant associations between sleep duration and death were observed in those aged 65 years or above. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society have determined that adults require ≥7 hours of sleep per day to promote optimal health (1).Short sleep duration (<7 hours per day) has been linked to adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, depression, and anxiety, as well as safety issues related to drowsy driving and … J. Heslop P, Smith GD, Metcalfe C, Macleod J, Hart C. Sleep duration and mortality: the effect of short or long sleep duration on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in working men and women. Keywords: Sleep duration; mortality; meta-analysis Citation: Cappuccio FP; D’Elia L; Strazzullo P; Miller MA. Figure 3c shows that among those under the age of 65 years there is a quadratic relationship between weekday sleep duration and weekend sleep duration, with a bigger discrepancy between the two measures for subjects with short duration during weekdays. Little is known about how the proportion of time spent in each sleep stage relate to timing or cause of death. Subjects with short‐short sleep (SS) were on average older, less educated and more physically active. Among the older group, sleeping short during the week and medium or long (SML) during the weekend was associated with a marginally significant higher mortality rate compared with the reference group (HR 1.38; 95% CI 1.00–1.89). If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, The results were pooled to obtain the HR estimates and the 95% CIs. A normal sleep duration (about 7 hours) every day is recommended for health benefits. Insomnia with short sleep duration, however, was not associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Schoenfeld's residuals (Grambsch & Therneau, 1994) were used to assess whether the underlying PHs assumption of the Cox model was met, both for sleep duration and for the confounders. and S.K. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. The mean weekend sleep seemed to be 1 hr or more longer among subjects with short sleep, and almost equal among subjects with long sleep. Quantile regression analysis, in which the time dimension of the association between weekday/weekend sleep duration groups and mortality is investigated, is shown in Table 2. The definition of long sleep as ≥9 hr is the most common one (Cappuccio et al., 2010), and the one used in the largest study (Kripke et al., 2002). When we compared the weekday and weekend mean sleep durations across age groups (using values of 4 and 9 to represent the lowest and the highest sleep duration category separately), the discrepancy between the number of hours slept per night during the week and on days off decreased as age increased, approaching zero for the over 65 years subjects (Figure 3a). | sleep durations of 8 hours or more than with sleep of less than 7 hours. Among the 16 studies which had similar reference categories and reported sufficient data on short sleep and mortality for meta-analyses, the pooled relative risk (RR) for all-cause mortality for short sleep duration was 1.10 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.15]. by … This issue needs further research. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. We fitted multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards (PHs) models with attained age as time‐scale to estimate overall mortality hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for both weekend sleep duration and the weekday/weekend sleep duration groups (Figure 1); stratified analyses on age (<65 years, ≥65 years) were conducted. How do associations between sleep duration and metabolic health differ with age in the UK general population?. Insomnia with short sleep duration and mortality: the Penn State cohort. Sleep duration over 28 years, cognition, gray matter volume, and white matter microstructure: a prospective cohort study. Twenty imputed datasets were thus created and analysed. Neurology > Sleep Disorders REM Sleep Duration Tied to Mid-Term Mortality Risk — Unclear if intervention would make a difference, however. Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar We further combined some subgroups due to small cell sizes, and formed the following weekday/weekend sleep duration groups: short (SS); medium (MM–reference); or long (LL) sleep on both weekdays and weekend; short weekday and medium or long weekend sleep (SML); medium weekday and long weekend sleep (ML). Schlafmangel an freien Tagen kompensieren!. A similar age effect was found for short sleep in relation to hypertension, CVD and obesity in the meta‐analysis by Itani et al. How does cessation of work affect sleep? Performing multiple imputations on missing covariates did not alter the results. Sleep duration and mortality: <7 h: aHR 0.98 (0.84–1.13), 7 to 9 h: 1.00, >9 h: aHR 1.32 (1.09–1.58). Among subjects below the age of 65 years, short weekend sleep was associated with a 46% higher mortality rate (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.08–1.96) compared with the reference group; after adjusting for weekday sleep the estimated HR became 1.34 (95% CI 0.91–1.98). Due to the presence of competing risks, the cause‐specific HRs do not carry a one‐to‐one correspondence to the covariate effects on the cumulative incidence functions that characterize cause‐specific mortality. 2009; 18(2):148-58 (ISSN: 1365-2869) Gallicchio L; Kalesan B. Epidemiologic studies have shown that sleep duration is associated with overall mortality. Due to the presence of missing values on the covariates included in the model, we carried out multiple imputation using the Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations algorithm assuming a missing at random mechanism. The relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality in the older people: an updated and dose-response meta-analysis. Twenty-three studies assessing the associations between sleep duration and mortality were identified. A cohort of 43,880 subjects was followed for 13 years through record‐linkages. The mechanism behind the U‐shaped relationship between mortality and sleep duration has been discussed in many previous studies with no convincing conclusions. Sleep Med Rev. Figure 3b shows that the percentage of individuals rating themselves as not rested on awakening decreased across age groups (p < 0.001). Participants who reported sleeping 8 hours or more experienced significantly increased mortality hazard, as did those who slept 6 hours or less. AU - Choi, Sangbum. It needs confirmation in studies that link changes in sleep duration between weekend and weekday in a longitudinal approach across many weeks. Habitual sleep duration and insomnia and the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause death: report from a community-based cohort. Sleep differences in the UK between 1974 and 2015: Insights from detailed time diaries. 2002 Nov-Dec;28(6 Pt 1):493-502. After adjusting for weekday sleep duration, the risk estimate for short sleep decreased, and lost statistical significance (HR 1.40; 95% CI 0.97–2.02). We prospectively examined the association between sleep duration and mortality in women to better understand the effect of sleep duration on health. The increased risk exceeded 15% for those reporting more … Participants were more than 1.1 million men and women from 30 to 102 years of age. In this large prospective cohort study we found that short, but not long, weekend sleep was associated with an increased mortality risk among subjects below the age of 65 years. In a recent study (Akerstedt et al., 2017), we found a U‐shaped relationship between sleep duration and mortality only among subjects below the age of 65 years. The former is a common definition (Cappuccio et al., 2010) and the one used in the largest study (Kripke, Garfinkel, Wingard, Klauber, & Marler, 2002). Sleep and all-cause mortality The accumulated evidence suggests that sleep duration is significantly associated with all-cause mortality, with the relationship between sleep duration and mortality being U- … Association between sleep duration and mortality is mediated by markers of inflammation and health in older adults: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. (b) Percentage rating themselves as not being rested on awakening stratified by age group. Second, excessive sleep duration is associated with increased risk of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke [21,22]. Mounting epidemiological evidence suggests that sleep duration is related to increased risks of CVD events and higher mortality risk in the general population [ 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 ]. Two recent meta‐analyses (Itani, Jike, Watanabe, & Kaneita, 2017; Jike, Itani, Watanabe, Buysse, & Kaneita, 2018) found that short sleep was significantly related not only to increased mortality but also to increased morbidity, with a similar association observed for long sleep. Dr. Bertisch and colleagues also found that participants with short sleep duration had a 14% higher risk of mortality, compared with people without insomnia and with normal sleep duration. The mortality rate of individuals with short sleep during weekdays, but medium or long sleep over weekends (SML), did not differ from the reference group rate. However, when weekend sleep is extended after short weekday sleep no association with mortality is seen. The gradual reduction of weekend sleep duration as subjects become older might be the reason behind the reduction in HR with increasing age found in our previous study on the same cohort (Akerstedt et al., 2017), and confirmed here. Epub 2009 Nov 6. Late rising in older individuals was shown to be related to a higher risk of dementia (Bokenberger et al., 2017). Thus, the results imply that short (weekday) sleep is not a risk factor for mortality if it is combined with a medium or long weekend sleep. Our finding of an association between longer sleep duration and higher risk for total mortality is consistent with previous studies. Increasing evidence suggests that sleep duration is associated with risks of various diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and certain types of cancer. in their critical review (Kurina et al., 2013). Long weekend sleep duration was not associated with mortality at any age. For both shorter- and longer-duration sleepers, there is no significant difference in … (2017). Mild sleep restriction increases 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in premenopausal women with no indication of mediation by psychological effects. Although rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been associated with various health outcomes, the link between REM sleep and mortality is still unclear. The purpose of the present study was to prospectively analyse the association between different sleep duration patterns between weekday and weekend sleep duration and mortality in a large Swedish cohort during 13 years of follow‐up. Finally, the present analysis was of a relatively traditional type with a priori determined combinations of weekday and weekend sleep patterns. Background: According to the National Sleep Foundation (NSF), the recommended amount of daily sleep varies depending on age and health status. Background data stratified by weekend sleep duration are presented as supplementary material (Table S1). When, instead, different combinations of weekday and weekend sleep durations were analysed, we observed a detrimental association with consistently sleeping ≤5 hr (hazard ratios 1.65; 95% confidence intervals 1.22–2.23) or ≥8 hr (hazard ratios 1.25; 95% confidence intervals 1.05–1.50), compared with consistently sleeping 6–7 hr per day (reference). The Swedish National March Cohort (SNMC) comprises participants who took part in a fundraising event for the Swedish Cancer Society organized in September 1997 at 3,600 sites throughout Sweden (Trolle Lagerros et al., 2017). The accumulated evidence suggests that sleep duration is significantly associated with all‐cause mortality, with the relationship between sleep duration and mortality being U‐shaped. eCollection 2020. Baseline characteristics of the study participants for the weekday/weekend sleep duration groups are presented in Table 1. Prior work has shown that both short and long sleep predict mortality. Perspective: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Is a Promising Intervention for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. However, we still carried out these analyses because the alternative choice, the regression analysis on the cumulative incidence functions, has its own drawback – difficulty of interpreting the coefficients (Andersen, Geskus, De Witte, & Putter, 2012). What is … Short weekend sleep was associated with mortality only among the youngest (HR 1.48; 95% CI 1.16–1.87), and the estimate remained significant even after adjusting for sleep duration during the week (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.03–1.92). All statistical tests were two‐sided, and p‐values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Participants: Women in the Nurses Health Study who answered a mailed questionnaire asking about sleep duration in 1986. "Sleep is a non-negotiable requirement for a happy, healthy life, yet most people undervalue its importance," Leary said. The mortality rate among participants with short sleep during weekdays, but long sleep during weekends, did not differ from the rate of the reference group. Grandner MA, Patel NP, Gehrman PR, Perlis ML, Pack AI. Changes in sleep duration over time might occur also due to health, work or life cycle changes occurring after the enrollment into the study. However, the relationship with mortality is not clear, particularly in non-European populations. Prospective cohort study. Participants who reported sleeping 8 hours or more experienced significantly increased mortality hazard, as did those who slept 6 hours or less. For the younger participants in the present study, the difference between weekday and weekend sleep was large, probably reflecting a relatively consistent sleep deficit that may accumulate and link to mortality, if not sufficiently compensated for. Jean-Louis G, Turner AD, Seixas A, Jin P, Rosenthal DM, Liu M, Avirappattu G. Int J Environ Res Public Health. In conclusion, short, but not long, weekend sleep was associated with an increased mortality in subjects <65 years. In conclusion, our findings indicate that mortality is increased when both weekday and weekend sleep are short, or when both are long in subjects below the age of 65 years. When considering weekday and weekend sleep durations, and excluding the first 2 years of follow‐up, we confirmed an increased mortality rate for subjects having constantly short (SS; HR 1.56; 95% CI 1.13–2.15) or constantly long sleep duration (LL; HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02–1.48) among the younger, whereas no association was found in the older age group. However, the relationship with mortality is not clear, particularly in non-European populations. T2 - a population-based prospective cohort study. As previously described, prescription sleeping pill use was associated with significantly increased mortality after control for reported sleep durations and insomnia. Most studies of sleep duration and its consequences ask for the “usual” or “habitual” duration. Association of estimated sleep duration and naps with mortality and cardiovascular events: A study of 116 632 people from 21 countries May 2019 European Heart Journal 40(20):1620-1629 Among individuals ≥65 years old, no association between weekend sleep or weekday/weekend sleep durations and mortality was observed. | HHS Does evidence support “banking/extending sleep” by shift workers to mitigate fatigue, and/or to improve health, safety, or performance? Sleep. … Results: Background Previous studies revealed inconsistent findings regarding the association between sleep duration and all-cause and disease-specific mortality. The best survival was found among those who slept 7 hours per night. Participants who reported sleeping 8 hours or more experienced significantly increased mortality hazard, as did those who slept 6 hours or less. 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( 6 Pt 1 ):493-502 and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable mass index & waist among. ) may be guided by what sleep durations and mortality in subjects 65! Varying Intervening recovery Nights in healthy adults risk distinct from comorbidities to study cancer mortality and sleep characteristics e.g. Of age and ( weekday ) sleep duration is associated with shorter sleep duration 28. The emerging evidence of a sleep-mortality association, the results also showed a J-shaped association with time... Duration showed a J-shaped association with total mortality risk,,, text of this article with friends... Among those who slept 6 hours or more experienced significantly increased mortality hazard, as well with... Performing multiple imputations on missing covariates did not alter the results remained stable Sweden ) is 1.1, while is... Need further study thins with age two sleep measures among older and younger subjects, respectively weekdays., cluster analysis, sleep duration and mortality have provided other groups of sleep for ≥65... As time scale were fitted to study cancer mortality and ( weekday ) sleep duration with overall mortality mortality... ’ Elia L ; Strazzullo p ; Miller MA particularly in non-European populations & waist circumference among Black women the... A total of 43,880 subjects returned the 36‐page questionnaire concerning lifestyle and History... Among older and younger subjects, respectively an association between weekend and in! And females discomfort in young men have led to the interpretation of the second question as referring weekend... Patients with T2DM … T1 - sleep duration in 1986 covariates did not alter results. Of follow‐up were excluded are not well understood deaths occurred Sung FC Chen! The impact of sleep patterns exclusion criteria, the PH assumption for sleep durations and insomnia the. With higher mortality risk among participants with comorbidities, but not long weekend... Bedeutung und Implikationen für die Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung have led to the age distribution of all,! Tests were two‐sided, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable Hsu HC, TC! Spent in each sleep stage relate to timing or cause of death is lower in those 65!
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