Lumbini: Lumbini International Research Institute. Clemente, Michela. Ba ra pa rgyal mtshan dpal bzang po gi rnam thar kha skong (1540, biography, bka brgyud pa).68, 59 Cf. Ehrhard, Franz-Karl. 1a34a). 30 For his dating, see Ehrhard 2004a, 82. yet relatively little is known about the specific contours of the culture of the book in Tibet, such as the roles of patronage in the production of texts, the economic and social implications of producing the massive canons of Buddhist literature on the Himalayan plateau, the position of the scribe in society, and working life in a Buddhist scriptorium (2009, vii). Prints from gNas produced in the 16th century exhibit different features in comparison to xylographs produced at the same time in other printing houses in the Gung thang area. The unacknowledged revolution -- Defining the initial shift, some features of print culture -- Classical and Christian traditions reoriented, Renaissance and Reformation reappraised. Eds. Per Kvaerne, 20518. 7) Shel dkar (in the capital of Southern La stod): 2. 1998. Eds. FGT 671/6; NGMPP L538/5, L195/11. On this work, see also Clemente 2014a; Ehrhard 2000d; Ehrhard 2013; Ricciardi and Pallipurath 2014; Ricciardi and Pallipurath (this volume). 23. rJe rgod tshang pai rnam thar rgyal thang pa bde chen rdo rjes mdzad pa la mgur chen gas rgyan pa (1563, biography with songs, bka brgyud pa).59 We should also consider that most of the original works have not survived until now, or they have not surfaced yet; however, many works are currently being discovered, therefore in some years the situation could be very different. On a Particular Aspect of the Identification of Tibetan Xylographs: Preliminary Remarks on the Importance of Craftsmen. In Kervan. Franz-Karl Ehrhard, and, Petra Maurer, 14371. Check if you have access via personal or institutional login. Hamburg: Hamburg Series for Indian and Tibetan Studies. Jo bo rje lha gcig dpal ldan a ti shai rnam thar bla mai yon tan chos kyi byung gnas sogs bka gdams rin po chei glegs bam. For a summary of the life story of Nam mkha rdo rje based on this work, see Ehrhard 2000a, 5566. Microfilm kept at the National Archives, Kathmandu (ff. The small number of extant prints would seem to support the view of a limited impact of printing. The witnesses are middle to high ranking military personnel as well as civilians who have connections the ****s gsum dran bral grub thob ko rag pai mgur bu bzhugs / badzra dho dza. I would like to express my thanks to Dr. Hildegard Diemberger and Professor Franz-Karl Ehrhard for giving me the opportunity of collaborating in this project. The second printing house to mention in order of productivity is rDzong dkar/Khyung rdzong dkar po, located in the royal palace of the Gung thang capital. . bKa rgya / khu chos gnyis / lung bstan / rdor glu / kha skong rnams. 215a343a). Catalogue of the Tucci Tibetan Fund in the Library of IsIAO 2. Chos skyong bai rgyal po bsrong btsan rgam poi bka bum las stod kyi cha thog mar bla ma rgyud pai gsol debs lo rgyus sogs (1521, Mai bka bum).65 7. sPrul sku rig dzin mchog ldan mgon poi rnam thar mgur bum dang ldan spro ba bskyed byed (1527, biography with songs, rnying ma pa).66 8. rJe btsun ba ra ba rgyal mtshan dpal bzang poi rnam thar mgur bum dang bcas pa (1540, biography with songs, bka brgyud pa).67 9. 1a50a). 92 Cf. Yang dkon chos rjei mdzad pai bar do phrang bsgrol. Tibetan 149; NGMPP E2933/52934/1, E2934/32935/1, AT167/5168/1. 19 For preliminary remarks on this subject, see Clemente (in press c). Boston: Wisdom Publications. sKyes mchog ba ra pas mdzad pai mdo sngags kyi smon lam Xylograph kept in the Tucci Tibetan Collection, IsIAO Library, Rome (ff. Xylograph kept in the Tucci Tibetan Collection, IsIAO Library, Rome, (ff. FGT 657/5, 16a616b5. 86 Cf. Phyag rgya chen po yi ge bzhi pai sa bcad sbas don gsal bai nyi ma (not before 1525 not after 1557, mahmudrs manual, bka brgyud pa).42 7. rJe ras chung pai rnam thar mdor bsdus (1538, biography, bka brgyud pa);43 8. sTon pa sangs rgyas kyi skyes rabs brgyad bcu pa slob dpon dpa bos mdzad pa bzhugs (1541 or 1553, Jtakaml).44 9. Oxford-London: Clarendon Press. 1a61b). NGMPP E2517/6 = gTsang smyon Heruka (14521507). Editing and Publishing the Masters Writings: The Early Years of rGod tshang ras chen (14821559). In Editions, ditions: lcrit au Tibet, volution et devenir. 3) Kun gsal sGang po che 1. rGyal ba yang dgon chos rjei mgur bum yid bzhin nor bu (152324, spiritual songs, bka brgyud pa).73 2. rGyal ba yang dgon chos rjei bka bum yid bzhin nor bu (1524, collected works, bka brgyud pa).74 3. On this work, see also Clemente (in press c); Ehrhard 2000a, 87. Helmut Krasser, Michael Torsten Much, Ernst Steinkellner, and Helmut Tauscher, 26976. dPe chos rin po che spungs pai bum grel. Xylograph kept at the Tucci Tibetan Collection, IsIAO Library, Rome (ff. Summary. P. 1996. New York: Columbia University Press. History bears witness to the cataclysmic effect on society of inventions of new media for the transmission of information among persons. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2 See for example, Clemente 2015; Ehrhard 2000a; Schaeffer 2011; Sernesi 2013; Sernesi (forthcoming). FGT 1089/2 = lHa btsun Rin chen rnam rgyal (14731557). NGMPP L194/9, L 512/8, L1219/3, L503/2, L956/8. On this work, see also De Rossi Filibeck 2003, 33536. 1a52a). Boston: Wisdom Publications. rgyan pa, Microfilm kept at the National Archives, Kathmandu (ff 1a42a). In order to progress with our research, it is necessary to look at the same topic from different perspectives and collaborate with specialists in fields other than Tibetan Studies. Halle: International Institute for Tibetan Studies. Eds. NGMPP E2518/6, L194/11 (some folios are difficult to read), L12/1 (it is difficult to read), L581/5 (it is incomplete, missing folios from 57 to 61). This shift, which revolutionized all forms of learning, was particularly important for historical scholarship. FGT 361/4; TBRC: W1KG4473. 65 Cf. On this work, see also Clemente (in press c); De Rossi Filibeck 2003, 132; Diemberger and Clemente 2013, 12930 n. 67; Ehrhard 2000a: 11829. L535/5. Shedding Some Light upon lHa btsun Rin chen rnam rgyal (14731557): A Study of Two Untranslated Works from the Tucci Tibetan Collection. The Cambridge collaboration with this latter as well as with the IsIAO Library in Italy,3 the National Archives of Kathmandu, the Nepal Research Centre4 and several libraries in the UK, is currently contributing to the study of the Tibetan printing history in the Mang yul Gung thang kingdom and the neighbouring areas. Eds. Unacknowledged will vividly paint a picture of the profound existential crisis and choice now facing humanity and the Earth: Continue with the status quo and face a near-extinction event, or embrace a new world free of poverty, pollution and an interstellar future. It has emerged in recent decades as an academic discipline with its own undergraduate and postgraduate university courses, scholarly journals, monographic series, conferences, and research centers. Roma: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. 2016. Alessandria: Edizioni dellOrso. Stearns (2000, 3) indeed wrote: even the authors of some of the most definitive histories of religion remained uncertain about where to place him because of the widespread and eclectic nature of his practices and activities. 40 Cf. Three of these prints are dated. Tshe gcig la ja lus brnyes pa rje ras chung pai rnam thar rags bsdus mgur rnam rgyas pa (1563, biography with songs, bka brgyud pa).58. Leiden: Brill. Dying like Milarpa. 3, f. 559. Eds. 71 Cf. FGT 363/1. 6) Glang phug (La de Valley): 2. The database is accessible from the websites of both the above-mentioned projects: Transforming Technologies and Buddhist Book Culture: http://www.ttbbc.socanth.cam.ac.uk/; TiBET: www .tbevoltech.socanth.cam.ac.uk. Proceedings of the Eleventh Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Knigswinter 2006. 18 See Ehrhard 2012, 160. 68 Cf. 23 On this subject, see Diemberger (this volume); Porong Dawa (this volume). The history of the book has its roots in bibliography, librarianship, and the intersections of social, cultural, and material history. Storyline. 26 See for example the history of the Mai bka bum, the Padma thang yig, the rGyud bzhi (Ehrhard 2000a, 1415). Microfilm kept at the National Archives, Kathmandu (ff. (in press b). Conversion, Contestation, and Memory. The Life of lHa btsun Rin chen rnam rgyal (14731557) according to his rnam mgur and rnam thar. PhD Diss., La, Sapienza University of Rome. Given a topic that is segmented, subdivided and parcelled out in this fashion, it is little wonder that one rarely gets a sense of its significance as a whole (Eisenstein 1979, 24). Frhe Quellen zum Buddhistischen Stufenweg in Tibet: Indische und tibetische Traditionen im dPe chos des Po-to-ba Rin-chen-gsal. Thun mong ma yin pa rdo rje mgur drug sogs / mgur ma ga yar (not before 1525 not after 1557, spiritual songs, bka brgyud pa).40 5. mKhas grub kun gyi gtsug rgyan / pa chen n ro pai rnam thar / ngo mtshar rmad byung (not before 1525 not after 1557, biography, bka brgyud pa).41. 13 On the sponsors of this project, see Clemente 2014b; Clemente (in press a); Diemberger and Clemente 2013, 12731. 2009. white rock horse tooth), located between the Mang yul and Gung thang areas, was founded by lHa btsun Rin chen rnam rgyal (14731557),9 who is associated with the bka brgyud tradition and who established his seat there in 1525. 83 Cf. (in press c). 1a39a). T2 - The United States in an Age of American Revolutions. 6 For the history of this kingdom, see Diemberger 2007, 3738; Everding 1997. Anne Marie Blondeau, 5778. Transforming Technologies and Buddhist Book Culture: http://www.ttbbc.socanth.cam .ac.uk/. no. 1997. Quintman, Andrew. sPrul sku rig dzin mchog ldan mgon poi rnam thar mgur bum dad ldan spro ba bskyed byed. Mapping printing houses located in southwestern Tibet, so far I have identified sixty xylographs which were produced in ten different printing houses. yul): 1.36. NGMPP L211/3 = rGyal thang pa bDe chen rdo rje. 1a214a). NAK 743 no. FGT 707 = ryara, sTon pa sangs rgyas kyi skyes rabs brgyad bcu pa slob dpon dpa bos mdzad pa bzhugs. Tibetan Book Evolution and Technology (TiBET): www.tbevoltech.socanth.cam.ac.uk. On this work, see also Clemente (in press c); De Rossi Filibeck 2003, 335; Ehrhard 2000a, 13041. The Literary Work of lHa btsun Rin chen rnam rgyal. From Manuscript to Block Printing: In the Search of Stylistic Models for the Identification of Tibetan Xylographs. Rivista degli Studi Orientali 84: 5166. The Early Transmission of the bde mchog snyan brgyud. East and West 54/14: 25184. Wien: sterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. It is an assemblage of specific portions considered to have been consecutively discovered by three treasure revealers (gter ston) from the middle of the 12th to the middle of the 13th century. 74 Cf. See also Schaeffer 2011, 476. Edition und bersetzung. NGMPP L109/11 = Zla ba rgyal mtshan. AU - Fitz, Caitlin Annette. 58 Cf. Eimer, Helmut. This text is reproduced in Ehrhard 2000b, 2196. Xylograph kept at the Tucci Tibetan Collection, IsIAO Library, Rome (ff. 2011. pa).83 12. mTshan ldan bla ma dam pa mnyam med chos dbang rgyal mtshan gyi rnam par thar pa / rin po che nor bui phreng ba (1551, biography, bo dong pa).84 FGT 361/1[1]. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. FGT 709/2 = Chos rgyal lhun grub. 1a24a). Stone, 20833. 2012. 95 For the dating, see Porong Dawa, this volume. 247a365a). 75 Cf. The bKa gdams pa School of Tibetan Buddhism. PhD Diss., School of Oriental and African Studies, http://catalogue.socanth.cam.ac.uk/exist/servlet/db/mssbp.xq, Istituto Italiano per lAfrica e lOriente, http://www.chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php?title=The_Unacknowledged_Revolution%3F_A_Reading_of_Tibetan_Printing_History_on_the_Basis_of_Gung_thang_Colophons_Studied_in_Two_Dedicated_Projects&oldid=267911. Bram ze chen pos mdzad pai dho ha bskor gsum / mdzod drug / ka kha dho ha / sa sbyang rnams. My attribution of this xylograph to Brag dkar rta so turned out to be wrong. Xylograph kept in the Tucci Tibetan Collection, IsIAO Library, Rome (ff. 2011. Daniele Cuneo, Elisa Freschi and Camillo Formigatti. On bo dong Phyogs las rnam rgyal and this school, see Chok Tenzin Monlam 2005; Diemberger 2009; Diemberger, Wangdu, Kornfeld and Jahoda 1997; Ehrhard 2000b; Hazod 1998; Jackson 1996: 9596; Smith, associated with Khyung rdzong dkar po, both places being very close. Xylograph kept in the Tucci Tibetan Collection, IsIAO Library, Rome (ff. FGT 361/2 = Brom ston rGyal bai byung gnas (1004/51064). A further copy is available at the National Archives of Kathmandu (NGMPP L9/3). FGT 1089/2; NGMPP L251/2; UL Tibetan 155.2. This chapter examines how in the immediate aftermath of the Revolution of 1789 Chateaubriand sought an overarching explanation for all revolutions. Xylograph kept in the Tucci Tibetan Collection, IsIAO Library, Rome (ff. Genve: Librairie Droz S. A. Eimer, Helmut, and Tsering, Pema. Moreover, in many sources of the time we read that woodblocks wore out in few years. (in press a). rJe btsun mi la ras pai rdo rje mgur drug sogs gsung rgyun thor bu ga. 1a124a). 398a401a). NGMPP E908/3 = rJe ras chung pai rnam thar mdor bsdus. Unacknowledged is an anthology of testimonies about the existence of extra-terrestrials, secret reverse engineered technology and cover ups by the military and Intelligence community. Quand le livre devient relique Les textes tibtains entre culture bouddhique et transformations technologiques. Terrain. Grub thob gling ras kyi rnam mgur mthong ba don ldan (not before 1525 not after 1557, biography with songs, bka brgyud pa).37 2. Abingdon-New York: Routledge. rGyal ba yang dgon chos rjei bka bum yid bzhin nor bu. At the time of its introduction it indeed offered great advantages for several reasons. A Continous Stream of Merit: The Early Reprints of gTsang smyon Herukas Hagiographical Works. Zentralasiatische Studien 40: 179237. 4. 39 Cf. Unacknowledged: Summary. Ed. 2; Sernesi 2011a: 19192, 19798; Sernesi (forthcoming). The Transmission of the dMar khrid Tshems bu lugs and the Mai bka bum. In Vividharatnakaraaka: Festgabe fr Adelheid, Mette. On this work, see also Clemente 2007, 125, 13940; De Rossi Filibeck 2003, 397; Diemberger and Clemente 2013, 137; Schaeffer 2011, 468. 94 Cf. A Festschrift to Commemorate the 120th Birthday of the Italian Tibetologist Giuseppe Tucci. Diemberger, Hildegard, Wangdu, Pasang, Kornfeld, Marilies, and Jahoda, Christian. Looking at colophons of extant prints, it is possible to identify some of these places and reflect on the process that made them into key locations for the introduction of printing technology in Tibetan book culture. 7) Shel dkar 1. Re-enacting the Past. Crazy for Wisdom. . . NGMPP AT61/21[4], L189/3; NAK 754 no. Hamburg: Hamburg Series for Indian and Tibetan Studies. Buddhist Women as Patrons of Tibetan Printing. In Tibetan Printing: Comparisons, Continuities, and Change. 29 See Dreyfus 1994, 205. Knigswinter 2006. Special Issue: Proceedings of the 4th CBC Conference The Study of Asia: between Antiquity and Modernity, Turin 47 September 2013. Lhasa: Bod ljongs bod yig dpe rnying dpe skrun khang. The affiliation of Ko brag pa to one of the religious schools is difficult to, make. NGMPP AT61/21[5], L189/3, L501/2; NAK 754 no. 1a150a). Prints of bKa brgyud Texts: A Preliminary Report. In NepalicaTibetica: Festgabe fr Christoph Cppers. (14371521). 45 Cf. 1a250a). Many studies of developments during the last five centuries say nothing about it at all. 10 On this figure and his work, see Larsson 2009; Larsson 2011; Larsson 2012; Quintman 2006, chapt. Van der Kuijp, Leonard. 1a54a). 66 Cf. Lumbini: Lumbini International Research Institute. 1994. 366a397a). 28 See Gung thang rgyal rabs: [. Bod kyi shing spar lag rtsal gyi byung rim mdor bsdus. I would like to thank Terry Chilvers for this amazing tool. This area was politically important during the 13th and the 14th centuries, as a centre for Tibetan regional governance within the Sakya-Yuan imperial polity.5, 3 It seems relevant to underline that IsIAO is now under liquidation and its Library is not accessible anymore. Ed. . NGMPP L66/5 = Chos dbang rgyal mtshan (14841549). Because historians are usually eager to investigate major changes and this change transformed the conditions of their own craft, one would expect the shift to attract some attention from the profession as a whole. "A Defence of Poetry" is an essay by the English poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, written in 1821 and first published posthumously in 1840 in Essays, Letters from Abroad, Translations and Fragments by Edward Moxon in London. Ed. Porong Dawa. 3 Preliminary Remarks on the Extent of Early Printing Operations and the Impact of Printing on Tibetan Society 1978. Roberts, Peter Alan. The best evidence for extraterrestrial contact, dating back decades, is presented with direct top-secret witness testimony, documents and UFO footage, 80% of which has never been revealed anywhere else. dPal brtsegs = dPal brtsegs bod yig dpe rnying zhib jug khang. 12 On this figure and his work, see Ehrhard 2010; Larsson 2012: 25561; Sernesi 2007: chapt. Xylograph kept in the Tucci Tibetan Collection, IsIAO Library, Rome (ff. Das Knigreich Mang yul Gung thang. . New York: Thames&Hudson. http://catalogue.socanth.cam.ac.uk/exist/servlet/db/mssbp.xq. Microfilm kept at the National Archives, Kathmandu (ff. 64 Cf. Proceedings of the Conference held in Hamburg, May 1518 2013. Vetturini, Gianpaolo. Microfilm kept at the National Archives, Kathmandu (ff. FGT 671/3 = Yon tan rgyal mtshan. On this work, see Clemente 2007, 124, 13335; Clemente 2009; Clemente 2014b; Clemente (in press c); De Rossi Filibeck 2003, 331; Diemberger and Clemente 2013. NGMPP L211/3, E2518/8, L969/5970/1. 193b206a). 4 Unfortunately, this is another important Institution that was closed due to financial issues. 36 We were able to locate and map some of these printing houses and we also have pictures of several places taken by Hildegard Diemberger, Bruce Huett and Agnieszka HelmanWany during their journeys in Tibet. 35 There might be a further point worthy of investigation: I wonder whether Tibetans started to record more lives, accounts, etc. . 2015. Practices, Discourses, Representations. Roger Jackson and Matthew T. Kapstein, 179209. The monastery of Bo dong E, one of the most important cloisters of this school, was founded in 1049 (see Smith 2001: 17980). NGMPP AT61/21[2], L189/3; NAK 754 no. In From Bhakti to Bon. 42 Cf. The Birth of a Heruka: How Sangs rgyas rgyal mtshan became gTsang smyon Heruka. Religious Dynasty. FGT 671/3. They range from 1559 to 1561. dPal brtsegs, text no. On this work, see also Clemente (in press c); De Rossi Filibeck 2003, 2; Ehrhard 2000b, 241321. FGT 1356; NGMPP E1784/3, L567/5. Oslo: The Institute for Comparative Research in Human Culture. The first section provides general information on printing houses and their production, based on an examination of several colophons of xylographs from the Gung thang area collected by the University of Cambridge in collaboration with the British Library within the AHRC project entitled Transforming Technologies and Buddhist Book Culture: The Introduction of Printing and Digital Text Reproduction in Tibetan Societies.1 The second part discusses issues related to the extent of, 1 The project is funded by the British Art and Humanities Research Council (20102015) and led by Professor Uradyn Bulag. Bras bui skabs rnam par bzhag pa (151421, Mahmudr, bo dong pa).63 5. The Printing Projects of Gtsang smyon He ru ka and His Disciples. In Mahmudr and the Bka-brgyud Tradition. Dreyfus, Georges. The texts are being studied in correlation with another project entitled Tibetan Book Evolution and Technology (TiBET) granted by the Marie Sklodowska Curie Intra-European Fellowship. Phyag rgya chen poi khrid yig bzhugs // skal bzang gso bai bdud rtsi snying po bcud bsdus. FGT 671/7 = Ba ra ba rGyal mtshan dpal bzang (13101391). Xylograph kept at the Tucci Tibetan Collection, IsIAO Library, Rome (ff. Ed. 1990. Bonn: Indica et Tibetica Verlag. 99 NGMPP L546/4. ****s gsum rnam rgyal is a castle established by King Kun dga rnam rgyal lde in the area of sKyid grong and is again associated with the bo dong pa scholar Chos dbang rgyal mtshan.24 As for mDzo lhas and A ti shai chos khor, I do not have significant information at the moment, but hope to identify further xylographs from this printing house which will provide us with more data. Elena De Rossi Filibeck, Michela Clemente, Giorgio Milanetti, Oscar Nalesini and Federica Venturi. 48 Cf. Eds. In the late fifteenth century, the reproduction of written materials began to move from the copyist's desk to the printer's workshop. The best evidence for extraterrestrial contact, dating back decades, is presented with direct top-secret witness testimony, documents and UFO footage, 80% of which has never been revealed anywhere else. During the decades immediately preceding the Revolution of 1789 the status of contemporary poetry in France was at its lowest ebb. 31 See Diemberger 2012, 32; Ehrhard 2000a, 15; Ehrhard 2013; Kapstein 2000, Block printings also allowed for flexibility in relation to demand: it was possible to print a rather small number of copies and, once a stock ran out, it was easy to pull out the stored blocks and reprint the text without having to waste labour and time on re-composition.33 Although it is undeniable that this technique was widely used in Tibet since its introduction, the effects that this new technology had on Tibetan culture are still unrecognised. NGMPP E2517/6, L1107/4. Christine Chojnacki, and Jens-Uwe Hartmann, and Volker M. Tschannerl, 199215. This text is reproduced in Ehrhard 2000b, 211240. I will limit myself here to provide some preliminary information. Microfilm kept at the National Archives, Kathmandu (ff. 2009. NGMPP L477/14 (some folios are difficult to read), E1256/1 (it is difficult to read). Then, in 1559 he decided to print the biography of Ras chung pa written by rGod tshang ras chen, also thanks to a dream of his teacher and author of this work. bKra shis od bar: On the History of the Religious Protector of the Bo dong pa. In Tibetan Mountain Deities, Their Cults and Representations. sGom pai skabs rnam par bzhag pa. Microfilm kept at the National Archives, Kathmandu (ff. . These data are available via the relevant websites and represent a platform for use and expansion by all scholars for future research. NGMPP L194/13, L970/3, E2518/5, E693/4 (it is difficult to read); U rgyan rDo rje 1976, 135. Jam dbyangs zhal gyi pad dkar dzu phye nas / lung rigs gter mdzod ze bru bzheng la / blo gsal rkang drug ldan rna phur lding rol /. 2010. Jahrhunderts. The unacknowledged revolution--2. It is my hope that the Library will soon be reopened and that this significant cultural heritage will be accessible to all scholars in African and Asian studies again. P rotestants were less able to implement censorship of the presses than the more centralized governments of Catholic areas. So far I have found thirteen xylographs printed there, which range from 1514 to 1540. Yet any historiographical survey will show the contrary to be true. 9) A ti shai chos khor (La de Valley): 1. On this project, see Clemente 2007; Clemente 2009, 1.2, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7; Clemente 2014b, 44347; Clemente 2015; Clemente (in press a); Diemberger and Clemente 2013, 13437; Larsson 2012, 22976; Schaeffer 2009, 5863; Schaeffer 2011; Sernesi 2011a; Sernesi (forthcoming); Smith 2001, 7379. For a translation of this work, see Stearns 2000. Roger Jackson and Matthew T. Kapstein, 42551. A History of Tibetan Painting: The Great Tibetan Painters and their Traditions. On this work, see also Ehrhard 2000a, 37. The colophon states that the xylograph was printed by lHa btsun Rin chen rnam rgyal in an Ox Year, which would fit with 1529, 1541 and 1553. Eds. Death Accounts in a Tibetan Hagiographic Tradition. In The Buddhist Dead. And what might that mean? FGT 657/6, 22b4. Royal Kinship, Patronage and the Introduction of Printing in Gung thang: From Chos kyi sgron ma to lHa btsun Rin chen rnam rgyal. In Nepalica-Tibetica: Festgabe fr Christoph Cppers. Xylograph kept in the Tucci Tibetan Collection, IsIAO Library, Rome (ff. On this work, see Porong Dawa (this volume). Fortunately, all microfilms are still preserved at the National Archives of Kathmandu thanks to collaboration with the Centre for Manuscript Studies, University of Hamburg (Nepal German Manuscript Preservation and Conservation Projects [NGMPP-NGMCP]). 1a190b). and remained since then a very popular text not only in monasteries but also among the laity. Phyag rgya chen po rnal byor bzhii rim pa snying po don gyi gter mdzod (1556, Mahmudr instructions, bka brgyud pa).55 20. rNal byor dbang phyug lha btsun chos kyi rgyal poi rnam thar gyi smad cha (not before 1557 not after 1600, biography, bka brgyud pa).56 21. rGyud kyi dgongs pa gtsor ston pa / phyag rgya chen po yi ge bzhi pai grel bshad gnyug mai gter mdzod (1561, Mahmudr commentary, bka brgyud pa).57 22. based in the UK, in Tibet, Nepal and Italy, but it has also been achievable thanks to the starting idea of Gene Smith and the reaserch undertaken by Franz-Karl Ehrhard. 1) Brag dkar rta so (between Mang yul and Gung thang): 23. Life and Works of Bodong Chokley Namgyal. The Tibet Journal 30/3: 89100. It seems that most works produced at Kun gsal sGang po che are related to the bka gdams pa school, but bka brgyud, rnying ma and bo dong pa texts were also printed there so that we can call it an eclectic production. Microfilm kept at the National Archives, Kathmandu (ff. . How, then, do creative writers engage with issues of justice during and after periods of conflict and political change; and how Yang dkon chos rjei mdzad pai bar do phrang bsgrol (not before 1525 not after 1557, bar do instructions, bka brgyud pa).38 3. How did printing technology affect Tibetan cultural tradition? How could it happen if they were used so little? 1a26a). Smith, Ellis Gene. blTa bai skabs rnam par bzhag pa. Microfilm kept at the National Archives, Kathmandu (ff. NGMPP AT61/21[2] = bTsun pa Chos legs (14371521). Phyag rgya chen po rnal byor bzhii rim pa snying po don gyi gter mdzod. Xylograph kept in the Tucci Tibetan Collection, IsIAO Library, Rome (ff. rJe btsun ras chung rdo rje grags pai rnam thar rnam mkhyen thar lam gsal bar ston pai me long ye shes kyi snang ba. 2012. Xylograph kept in the Tucci Tibetan Collection, IsIAO Library, Rome (ff. 2013. Notizen zu frhen Blockdrucken von Mi la ras pas Mgur bum. In tudes tibtaines en lhonneur dAnne Chayet. with the introduction of printing. Kurtis Schaeffer states that despite the long term engagement in Tibetan studies with texts: [. Swisttal-Odendorf: Indica et Tibetica Verlag. 2 = Klong chen rab byams pa Dri med od zer (13081364). 1a35b). See also Clemente 2015, 195. In his Essai sur les rvolutions, where he considers different countries and historical periods, he concludes that revolution springs from a perennial human sense of lack, or melancholy. Xylographs printed there, which revolutionized all forms of learning, was particularly important for historical. 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