81, No. 2001;34:110. Current methods of smear layer removal include chemical, ultrasonic and laser techniques none of which are totally effective throughout the length of all canals or are used universally. is a calcium ion chelating agent and can remove the smear layer. Conclusions: The application of laser system can be a more effective way to remove the smear layer than ultrasound activation. (6). Ability to remove smear layer by Scores were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl) at concentrations of 0.5% to 5.25% is the most widely recommended endodontic irrigant due to its excellent ability to dissolve tissues and its antimicrobial properties. Medicine . Comparing the smear layer removal at each root canal third revealed no significant differences among the groups (p > 0.05) at the apical third. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the Nd:YAG laser, ultrasound, the ProTaper Universal system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), and the CanalBrush (Coltene Whaledent, Langenau, Germany) methods for the removal of the smear layer from the apical third of root canals. Groups a, b, c, and d were irrigated with (3 % NaOCl + 20 % EDTA), (0.9 % NaCl), (3 % NaOCl), and (20 % EDTA), respectively. Forty-eight anterior teeth were treated endodontically. None of the activation systems completely removes the smear layer from the dentine walls; nevertheless, EndoVac is significantly better in removing debris from the apical third of canal. Key words: smear layer, diode laser, Er:YAG, Nd:YAG, LAI, Er,Cr:YSGG. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Keywords: two portions, smear layer removal requires a combination of irrigant agents, as usage of a single solution would be unlikely to be capable of dissolving both the organic and inorganic components [6]. TotalFill BC use after final irrigation with EV and CSI at 2 mm or PIPS at 5 mm exhibited a significantly higher percentage of sealer penetration than that with AH Plus (p < 0.05). doi: 10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_282_18. Epub 2020 Aug 4. In endodontics, there is a great emphasis on removal of the smear layer and using intra-canal irrigants. The apical part of the root canal is difficult to clean because of its dimensions, which can prevent effective penetration of irrigation solutions. J Endod. For ultrasonic irrigation and removal of smear-layer . Materials and Methods Selection and Preparation of the Samples. The chelating property of NAC is equally effective to that of EDTA in the smear layer from the root canal, and it induced a significantly lesser reduction in microhardness of root dentin than EDTA. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Root canals were then split longitudinally and observed under a scanning electron microscope. The final irrigants used were 10ml,17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 10ml, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. HHS None of the activation systems completely removes the smear layer from the dentine walls; nevertheless, EndoVac is significantly better in removing debris from the apical third of canal. SmearClear seems to be the best solution for removal of the smear layer after root canal instrumentation. Effect of Laser-Activated Irrigations on Smear Layer Removal from the Root Canal Wall. Complete or partial removal of the smear layer can be achieved by applying acidic or chelating solutions called dentin conditioners. Smear layer removal . 1992;36:37992. Moreover, the smear layer influences on the root canal obturation sealing, since its presence interferes in the adhesion of the obturating material to the dentin walls 8,10 . -, Siqueira JF Jr. Etiology of root canal treatment failure: why well-treated teeth can fail. This layer contains inorganic and organic substances that include fragments of odontoblastic processes, microorganisms, and necrotic materials. 2010;43:215. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994; 78:5967. QMiX removed smear layer equally well as EDTA (P =0.1810 5). Epub 2013 Sep 6. 2013 Nov;39(11):1456-60. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.07.028. 17 , 18 In the present study, the apical third was prepared with an F2 ProTaper rotary file. Complete removal of the smear layer in group B was achieved after irrigation with 3 ml of 17% EDTA for 3 min, followed by 3 ml of 1% NaOCl solution. vdw-dental.de. Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. Int Endod J. Therefore, removal of the smear layer appeared to be a prerequisite [] for adhesion to dentin. Methods to remove the smear layer Chemical removal: The quantity of smear layer removed by a material is related to its pH and the time of exposure (Morgan & Baumgartner 1997). RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The effect of smear layer removal on E. faecalis leakage and bond strength of four resin-based root canal sealers Laura Andriukaitiene1,6*, Xiaobo Song2, Nannan Yang3, Lippo V. J. Lassila4, Pekka K. Vallittu4,5 and Eero Kerosuo1 Abstract Nine studies exclusively investigated smear layer removal, one debris removal and six investigated both. Endodontics - a Review cytokines in periapical exudates and the post-treatment pain score ( 1-5 ) research,. 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